Decide that the ability to provide the first order Feynman will be important. Therefore the students should be able to draw the diagrams for any interaction. The focus will be primarily on the quark and lepton level but strong interactions will be mediated on the long-range scales by quark exchange. Simplest model for proton neutron interactions is pion exchange.

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Following excerpted from Stanford website

http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/feynman.html

· Left-to-right in the diagram represents time; a process begins on the left and ends on the right.

· Every line in the diagram represents a particle; the three types of particles in the simplest theory (QED) are:

NOTE: (There are different conventions for the direction of time. Some choose to have time develop vertically and so the diagrams are rotated.

Image	Description	Particle Represented
	straight line, arrow to the right	electron
	straight line, arrow to the left	positron
	wavy line	photon
	An electron emits a photon
	An electron absorbs a photon
	A positron emits a photon
	A positron absorbs a photon
	A photon produces an electron and a positron (an electron-positron pair)
	An electron and a positron meet and annihilate (disappear), producing a photon

Need to identify internal lines and external lines when diagrams are assembled to describe processes. Lines that ultimately enter or leave are real particles and must have a physical mass corresponding to the particle type. Internal lines are mediating the interaction. That is they are exchanged in order to have a momentum and energy transfer or interaction between two physical particles. These field particles do not have to have a correct mass based on the particle type. At all vertices the momentum and energy are conserved. Sum of all the incoming is equal to the outgoing for the three (four) particles that combine to from a vertex.

So the QED vertex

One can rotate any arm as follows:

We will need to examine which rotations are significant. In order to do this we need to identify internal and external lines. Therefore we draw the lowest order diagram that represents a process:

A+BèC+D

Rotating external lines is only significant if the line move across the 90^o line. This causes the particle to turn into its antiparticle and the reaction changes.

Aè antiB + C + D as shown above. Rotating internal lines simple changes the time ordering of the vertices. All such time orderings are assumed to be included so only one of the diagrams is drawn.

Therefore there is only the need to draw on of these drawings to describe the process A+BèC+D

However there may be other drawings. These can be found by deciding which of the external lines are meeting at a vertex.

If we look at the possibilities and calculate the 4-momentum given to the internal line then we have:

A B vertex	PA^μ + PB^μ	s channel
A C vertex	PA^μ - PC^μ	t channel
A D vertex	PA^μ - PD^μ	u channel

The allowable vertices depend on the types of particles.

e⁺ + e^- è e⁺ + e^- (E&M)

Allows two of the diagrams above, the incoming particles (A,B) can form a vertex or outgoing (A,C) can form a vertex but not (A,D).

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